ROE vs ROA vs ROIC: Which return metric matters most?
ROIC stands as the gold standard for measuring true business quality. Yet Warren Buffett prefers ROE, and banks live by ROA. The metric you choose reveals—or conceals—critical truths about a company's profitability. Apple's eye-catching 164% ROE tells a very different story than its 37-52% ROIC. Understanding that gap proves worth billions in investment insights.
Each metric answers a fundamentally different question. ROE measures what shareholders earn on their capital. ROA reveals how efficiently assets generate profit. Return on invested capital shows whether management creates or destroys value with every dollar invested. With S&P 500 ROE sitting at 15.93% and ROIC-to-WACC spreads compressing as interest rates rise, knowing which capital efficiency metric to prioritise has never been more critical.
Mastering fundamental analysis tools helps investors apply these return metrics alongside other valuation techniques to conduct comprehensive stock evaluations.
The return on equity formula is explained.
Return on equity measures profitability relative to shareholder investment. The return on equity calculation uses this straightforward formula:
ROE = Net Income ÷ Average Shareholders' Equity
Net income appears at the bottom of the income statement. Shareholders' equity—also called book value—sits on the balance sheet and equals total assets minus total liabilities. Using average equity (beginning plus ending divided by two) smooths fluctuations since income spans a period, while equity measures at specific points.
Step-by-step example with Apple:
- Net Income (FY2024): $96.9 billion
- Beginning Shareholders' Equity: $62.1 billion
- Ending Shareholders' Equity: $56.7 billion
- Average equity: $59.4 billion
- ROE = $96.9B ÷ $59.4B = 163%
This exceptionally high ROE reflects Apple's aggressive share buybacks that shrank equity, not necessarily superior operations. The distinction matters enormously for investors.
The return on assets formula demystified
The return on assets formula gauges how efficiently a company generates profit from its entire asset base:
ROA = Net Income ÷ Average Total Assets
Total assets include everything owned: cash, receivables, inventory, property, equipment, and intangibles. This metric treats all capital sources equally, making it ideal for comparing companies with different debt levels.
Current ROA figures for major companies (2025):
- NVIDIA: 72-85% (highest among Magnificent 7)
- Apple: 31%
- Microsoft: 16%
- Alphabet: 23%
- Meta: 20-25%
- Amazon: 11%
- Tesla: 4%
ROA benchmarks vary dramatically by industry. Banks consider a 1% ROA excellent, since their business model involves large asset bases. Technology companies typically achieve an ROA of 10-20%. Manufacturing firms often fall in the 5-10% range.
Return on invested capital: the professional's choice
Return on invested capital strips out capital structure effects entirely:
ROIC = NOPAT ÷ Invested Capital
NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) equals EBIT multiplied by (1 minus Tax Rate). This removes interest expense from the equation. Invested capital equals Total Debt plus Shareholders' Equity minus Cash, representing capital from all providers.
This metric answers the crucial question: Does this business actually create value? When ROIC exceeds the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), management creates value. When it falls below, they destroy it.
ROIC figures (2025):
- NVIDIA: 55-70%
- Apple: 37-52%
- Microsoft: 22%
- Alphabet: 29%
- Costco: 21%
- Walmart: 14%
- JPMorgan: Not applicable (banks require different metrics)
McKinsey research shows companies with 20%+ ROIC have 50% probability of maintaining that level ten years later. Only 13% of high-growth companies sustain 20%+ growth rates over the same period.
Understanding the ROE, ROA, and ROIC differences
The three metrics differ fundamentally in what they measure:
| Metric | Numerator | Denominator | What It Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROE | Net Income | Shareholders' Equity | What do equity holders earn? |
| ROA | Net Income | Total Assets | How efficiently do assets generate profit? |
| ROIC | NOPAT | Invested Capital | Does management create value? |
Key differences in practice:
ROE uses net income after interest, so debt affects the result. Companies with identical operations but different leverage show different ROE figures.
ROA uses total assets regardless of funding source. A company financed entirely with equity shows the same ROA as one using 50% debt.
ROIC uses operating profit before interest costs, isolating pure business performance from financing decisions.
How leverage transforms ROE into a misleading metric
The relationship between ROE and ROA reveals everything about a company's debt strategy. The formula connecting them shows this clearly:
ROE = ROA × Financial Leverage Multiplier
The leverage multiplier equals Total Assets divided by Shareholders' Equity. A company with 8% ROA and no debt has 8% ROE. Add moderate leverage (1:1 debt-to-equity), and that same 8% ROA becomes 16% ROE. Triple the debt (3:1), and ROE balloons to 32%—with no improvement in actual business performance.
Real-world example:
Apple's 164% ROE versus 31% ROA reflects aggressive share buybacks that shrank equity, not superior operations. NVIDIA's metrics tell a different story: 104% ROE with 72-85% ROA indicates genuine operating excellence driving returns.
The more precise relationship shows why this matters:
ROE = ROA + [(ROA - Cost of Debt) × (Debt/Equity)]
When ROA exceeds borrowing costs, leverage amplifies returns. When it doesn't, leverage destroys them. This is why investors must look beyond headline ROE numbers.
DuPont analysis: breaking down what drives returns
DuPont Analysis decomposes ROE into three components:
ROE = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
- Net Profit Margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue (profitability)
- Asset Turnover = Revenue ÷ Total Assets (efficiency)
- Equity Multiplier = Total Assets ÷ Shareholders' Equity (leverage)
DuPont comparison example:
| Company | Margin | Turnover | Leverage | ROE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costco | 2.8% | 3.6x | 2.9x | 29% |
| Target | 3.2% | 2.0x | 4.3x | 27% |
Costco achieves similar ROE through higher asset turnover (efficient inventory management) with lower leverage. Target relies more heavily on debt to boost returns. DuPont reveals this critical distinction that raw ROE masks.
Understanding financial ratios beyond return metrics provides a complete picture of a company's financial health and investment potential.
The five-component version adds tax burden and interest burden to isolate capital structure effects precisely. Professional analysts use this to determine whether high ROE stems from operational strength or from financial engineering.
Sector benchmarks from Damodaran's January 2026 data
Highest ROE industries:
- Hospitals/Healthcare Facilities: 50.84%
- Hotel/Gaming: 45.38%
- Transportation: 36.58%
- Software (Entertainment): 36.51%
- Semiconductor Equipment: 35.78%
- Retail (Automotive): 34.38%
Highest ROIC industries (lease-adjusted):
- Software (System & Application): 50.17%
- Software (Entertainment): 46.02%
- Semiconductor Equipment: 44.88%
- Semiconductors: 41.83%
- Advertising: 36.77%
- Beverage (Soft): 29.67%
Industries destroying value (ROIC below WACC):
- Electronics (Consumer & Office): -31.3% excess return (ROIC -23.67% vs Cost of Capital ~7.63%)
- Auto & Truck: -5.3% excess return (ROIC 2.47% vs Cost of Capital 7.81%)
- Rubber & Tires: -4.5% excess return (ROIC 3.48% vs Cost of Capital ~8.0%)
- Green & Renewable Energy: -4.4% excess return (ROIC 3.64% vs Cost of Capital ~8.0%)
- Software (Internet): -2.8% excess return (ROIC 6.20% vs Cost of Capital ~9.0%)
Total US Market Averages:
- ROE (excluding financials): 17.60% (up from ~15.93% in 2025)
- ROIC (excluding financials): 17.69% (marginally up from ~17.28% in 2025)
What constitutes good performance by sector
Context determines whether a metric signals strength or weakness:
| Sector | Below Average ROE | Good ROE | Excellent ROE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology/Software | Below 15% | 25-35% | Above 35% |
| Financial Services | Below 8% | 12-15% | Above 15% |
| Healthcare/Pharma | Below 8% | 12-18% | Above 18% |
| Consumer Staples | Below 10% | 15-25% | Above 25% |
| Industrials | Below 10% | 15-20% | Above 20% |
| Utilities | Below 8% | 10-12% | Above 12% |
For ROIC, the critical benchmark is compared to WACC. Current sector WACCs range from 5-6% for utilities to 10-11% for technology. A software company needs an ROIC of 15%+ to demonstrate a competitive advantage. Utilities generating 7%+ ROIC may create value given their lower cost of capital.
Which metric matters when: a practical guide
Use ROE when:
- You focus on shareholder returns as an equity investor
- Comparing companies within the same industry with similar leverage
- Analysing capital-light businesses like software
- Following Warren Buffett's investment approach
Buffett emphasises a consistent ROE above 20% as his primary screen. He prefers ROE because it directly measures how efficiently retained earnings compound book value.
Use ROA when:
- Analysing banks or financial institutions (1%+ indicates strength)
- Comparing asset-heavy industries like manufacturing and utilities
- You need a leverage-neutral efficiency measure
- Regulatory or operational soundness matters most
Use ROIC when:
- Comparing companies with different capital structures
- Building DCF valuation models
- Identifying economic moats (ROIC consistently above WACC)
- Making corporate strategy or M&A decisions
McKinsey advocates ROIC as the superior metric. Their research shows value creation follows a simple formula: Value equals ROIC multiplied by Growth, but only when ROIC exceeds WACC.
Current figures for the Magnificent Seven
The tech giants display striking divergence across capital efficiency metrics:
| Company | ROE | ROA | ROIC | Key Insight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | 164% | 31% | 37-52% | Buybacks inflate ROE |
| Nvidia | 104% | 72-85% | 55-70% | Genuine operational dominance |
| Microsoft | 32% | 16% | 22% | Consistent high-quality returns |
| Alphabet | 32-35% | 23% | 29% | Strong fundamentals |
| Meta | 30-36% | 20-25% | 28% | Recovered from 2022 lows |
| Amazon | 20-24% | 11% | 12% | Asset-heavy logistics weighs |
| Tesla | 7% | 4% | 3% | Competitive pressures crushing profitability |
Tesla's collapse stands out. Single-digit returns across all metrics reflect intensifying competition in the EV market. Compare that to Nvidia's 70%+ ROA—the highest in the Magnificent 7—reflecting AI chip dominance and pricing power.
Banking sector: where ROA becomes essential
Banks present fundamentally different analytical challenges. Their business model—borrowing cheap deposits and lending at higher rates—makes traditional ROIC calculations inapplicable:
| Bank | ROE | ROA | Insight |
|---|---|---|---|
| JPMorgan Chase | 17-18% | 1.2-1.4% | Industry leader |
| Wells Fargo | 12% | 1.0% | Recovering post-asset-cap |
| Bank of America | 10% | 0.9% | Trailing peers |
ROA benchmarks for banks differ dramatically. The Federal Reserve emphasises ROA as a measure of operational soundness, while ROE dominates compensation metrics. JPMorgan's 18% ROE represents elite performance, where 11-15% marks the median range.
S&P 500 averages and historical context
Current levels sit notably above long-term norms:
- S&P 500 ROE: 15.93% (vs. historical average ~12.25%)
- S&P 500 ROIC (ex-financials): 17.68%
- Net Profit Margins: 13.1% (Q4 2025)
Top 10 ROIC leaders in the S&P 500:
- Cardinal Health: 72%
- Otis Worldwide: 69%
- McKesson: 64%
- Domino's Pizza: 59%
- Apple: 54%
- Mastercard: 53%
- Starbucks: 51%
- Altria Group: 48%
- TJX Companies: 47%
- Yum Brands: 45%
These high-ROIC leaders share common characteristics: franchise models, payment networks, healthcare distributors, and consumer staples with pricing power. They require minimal capital to generate substantial returns.
The debate over which metric matters most has a nuanced answer. ROIC provides the most comprehensive view of business quality, but the right metric depends on your analytical purpose. For equity investors, ROE remains the most direct measure of what shareholders earn. For comparing companies across different leverage profiles, ROIC eliminates capital structure distortions. For banks, ROA proves non-negotiable.
The most valuable insight comes from using all three together. When ROE significantly exceeds ROA, leverage amplifies returns, increasing risk. When ROIC falls below WACC, the company destroys value regardless of how impressive ROE appears. Apple's 164% ROE captures investor attention; its 37-52% ROIC reveals actual business performance. Understanding that distinction matters every time you evaluate a company's profitability.
Disclaimer: The views and recommendations made above are those of individual analysts or brokerage companies, and not of Winvesta. We advise investors to check with certified experts before making any investment decisions.
Ready to earn on every trade?
Invest in 11,000+ US stocks & ETFs
Table of Contents
ROIC stands as the gold standard for measuring true business quality. Yet Warren Buffett prefers ROE, and banks live by ROA. The metric you choose reveals—or conceals—critical truths about a company's profitability. Apple's eye-catching 164% ROE tells a very different story than its 37-52% ROIC. Understanding that gap proves worth billions in investment insights.
Each metric answers a fundamentally different question. ROE measures what shareholders earn on their capital. ROA reveals how efficiently assets generate profit. Return on invested capital shows whether management creates or destroys value with every dollar invested. With S&P 500 ROE sitting at 15.93% and ROIC-to-WACC spreads compressing as interest rates rise, knowing which capital efficiency metric to prioritise has never been more critical.
Mastering fundamental analysis tools helps investors apply these return metrics alongside other valuation techniques to conduct comprehensive stock evaluations.
The return on equity formula is explained.
Return on equity measures profitability relative to shareholder investment. The return on equity calculation uses this straightforward formula:
ROE = Net Income ÷ Average Shareholders' Equity
Net income appears at the bottom of the income statement. Shareholders' equity—also called book value—sits on the balance sheet and equals total assets minus total liabilities. Using average equity (beginning plus ending divided by two) smooths fluctuations since income spans a period, while equity measures at specific points.
Step-by-step example with Apple:
- Net Income (FY2024): $96.9 billion
- Beginning Shareholders' Equity: $62.1 billion
- Ending Shareholders' Equity: $56.7 billion
- Average equity: $59.4 billion
- ROE = $96.9B ÷ $59.4B = 163%
This exceptionally high ROE reflects Apple's aggressive share buybacks that shrank equity, not necessarily superior operations. The distinction matters enormously for investors.
The return on assets formula demystified
The return on assets formula gauges how efficiently a company generates profit from its entire asset base:
ROA = Net Income ÷ Average Total Assets
Total assets include everything owned: cash, receivables, inventory, property, equipment, and intangibles. This metric treats all capital sources equally, making it ideal for comparing companies with different debt levels.
Current ROA figures for major companies (2025):
- NVIDIA: 72-85% (highest among Magnificent 7)
- Apple: 31%
- Microsoft: 16%
- Alphabet: 23%
- Meta: 20-25%
- Amazon: 11%
- Tesla: 4%
ROA benchmarks vary dramatically by industry. Banks consider a 1% ROA excellent, since their business model involves large asset bases. Technology companies typically achieve an ROA of 10-20%. Manufacturing firms often fall in the 5-10% range.
Return on invested capital: the professional's choice
Return on invested capital strips out capital structure effects entirely:
ROIC = NOPAT ÷ Invested Capital
NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) equals EBIT multiplied by (1 minus Tax Rate). This removes interest expense from the equation. Invested capital equals Total Debt plus Shareholders' Equity minus Cash, representing capital from all providers.
This metric answers the crucial question: Does this business actually create value? When ROIC exceeds the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), management creates value. When it falls below, they destroy it.
ROIC figures (2025):
- NVIDIA: 55-70%
- Apple: 37-52%
- Microsoft: 22%
- Alphabet: 29%
- Costco: 21%
- Walmart: 14%
- JPMorgan: Not applicable (banks require different metrics)
McKinsey research shows companies with 20%+ ROIC have 50% probability of maintaining that level ten years later. Only 13% of high-growth companies sustain 20%+ growth rates over the same period.
Understanding the ROE, ROA, and ROIC differences
The three metrics differ fundamentally in what they measure:
| Metric | Numerator | Denominator | What It Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| ROE | Net Income | Shareholders' Equity | What do equity holders earn? |
| ROA | Net Income | Total Assets | How efficiently do assets generate profit? |
| ROIC | NOPAT | Invested Capital | Does management create value? |
Key differences in practice:
ROE uses net income after interest, so debt affects the result. Companies with identical operations but different leverage show different ROE figures.
ROA uses total assets regardless of funding source. A company financed entirely with equity shows the same ROA as one using 50% debt.
ROIC uses operating profit before interest costs, isolating pure business performance from financing decisions.
How leverage transforms ROE into a misleading metric
The relationship between ROE and ROA reveals everything about a company's debt strategy. The formula connecting them shows this clearly:
ROE = ROA × Financial Leverage Multiplier
The leverage multiplier equals Total Assets divided by Shareholders' Equity. A company with 8% ROA and no debt has 8% ROE. Add moderate leverage (1:1 debt-to-equity), and that same 8% ROA becomes 16% ROE. Triple the debt (3:1), and ROE balloons to 32%—with no improvement in actual business performance.
Real-world example:
Apple's 164% ROE versus 31% ROA reflects aggressive share buybacks that shrank equity, not superior operations. NVIDIA's metrics tell a different story: 104% ROE with 72-85% ROA indicates genuine operating excellence driving returns.
The more precise relationship shows why this matters:
ROE = ROA + [(ROA - Cost of Debt) × (Debt/Equity)]
When ROA exceeds borrowing costs, leverage amplifies returns. When it doesn't, leverage destroys them. This is why investors must look beyond headline ROE numbers.
DuPont analysis: breaking down what drives returns
DuPont Analysis decomposes ROE into three components:
ROE = Net Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
- Net Profit Margin = Net Income ÷ Revenue (profitability)
- Asset Turnover = Revenue ÷ Total Assets (efficiency)
- Equity Multiplier = Total Assets ÷ Shareholders' Equity (leverage)
DuPont comparison example:
| Company | Margin | Turnover | Leverage | ROE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costco | 2.8% | 3.6x | 2.9x | 29% |
| Target | 3.2% | 2.0x | 4.3x | 27% |
Costco achieves similar ROE through higher asset turnover (efficient inventory management) with lower leverage. Target relies more heavily on debt to boost returns. DuPont reveals this critical distinction that raw ROE masks.
Understanding financial ratios beyond return metrics provides a complete picture of a company's financial health and investment potential.
The five-component version adds tax burden and interest burden to isolate capital structure effects precisely. Professional analysts use this to determine whether high ROE stems from operational strength or from financial engineering.
Sector benchmarks from Damodaran's January 2026 data
Highest ROE industries:
- Hospitals/Healthcare Facilities: 50.84%
- Hotel/Gaming: 45.38%
- Transportation: 36.58%
- Software (Entertainment): 36.51%
- Semiconductor Equipment: 35.78%
- Retail (Automotive): 34.38%
Highest ROIC industries (lease-adjusted):
- Software (System & Application): 50.17%
- Software (Entertainment): 46.02%
- Semiconductor Equipment: 44.88%
- Semiconductors: 41.83%
- Advertising: 36.77%
- Beverage (Soft): 29.67%
Industries destroying value (ROIC below WACC):
- Electronics (Consumer & Office): -31.3% excess return (ROIC -23.67% vs Cost of Capital ~7.63%)
- Auto & Truck: -5.3% excess return (ROIC 2.47% vs Cost of Capital 7.81%)
- Rubber & Tires: -4.5% excess return (ROIC 3.48% vs Cost of Capital ~8.0%)
- Green & Renewable Energy: -4.4% excess return (ROIC 3.64% vs Cost of Capital ~8.0%)
- Software (Internet): -2.8% excess return (ROIC 6.20% vs Cost of Capital ~9.0%)
Total US Market Averages:
- ROE (excluding financials): 17.60% (up from ~15.93% in 2025)
- ROIC (excluding financials): 17.69% (marginally up from ~17.28% in 2025)
What constitutes good performance by sector
Context determines whether a metric signals strength or weakness:
| Sector | Below Average ROE | Good ROE | Excellent ROE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology/Software | Below 15% | 25-35% | Above 35% |
| Financial Services | Below 8% | 12-15% | Above 15% |
| Healthcare/Pharma | Below 8% | 12-18% | Above 18% |
| Consumer Staples | Below 10% | 15-25% | Above 25% |
| Industrials | Below 10% | 15-20% | Above 20% |
| Utilities | Below 8% | 10-12% | Above 12% |
For ROIC, the critical benchmark is compared to WACC. Current sector WACCs range from 5-6% for utilities to 10-11% for technology. A software company needs an ROIC of 15%+ to demonstrate a competitive advantage. Utilities generating 7%+ ROIC may create value given their lower cost of capital.
Which metric matters when: a practical guide
Use ROE when:
- You focus on shareholder returns as an equity investor
- Comparing companies within the same industry with similar leverage
- Analysing capital-light businesses like software
- Following Warren Buffett's investment approach
Buffett emphasises a consistent ROE above 20% as his primary screen. He prefers ROE because it directly measures how efficiently retained earnings compound book value.
Use ROA when:
- Analysing banks or financial institutions (1%+ indicates strength)
- Comparing asset-heavy industries like manufacturing and utilities
- You need a leverage-neutral efficiency measure
- Regulatory or operational soundness matters most
Use ROIC when:
- Comparing companies with different capital structures
- Building DCF valuation models
- Identifying economic moats (ROIC consistently above WACC)
- Making corporate strategy or M&A decisions
McKinsey advocates ROIC as the superior metric. Their research shows value creation follows a simple formula: Value equals ROIC multiplied by Growth, but only when ROIC exceeds WACC.
Current figures for the Magnificent Seven
The tech giants display striking divergence across capital efficiency metrics:
| Company | ROE | ROA | ROIC | Key Insight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | 164% | 31% | 37-52% | Buybacks inflate ROE |
| Nvidia | 104% | 72-85% | 55-70% | Genuine operational dominance |
| Microsoft | 32% | 16% | 22% | Consistent high-quality returns |
| Alphabet | 32-35% | 23% | 29% | Strong fundamentals |
| Meta | 30-36% | 20-25% | 28% | Recovered from 2022 lows |
| Amazon | 20-24% | 11% | 12% | Asset-heavy logistics weighs |
| Tesla | 7% | 4% | 3% | Competitive pressures crushing profitability |
Tesla's collapse stands out. Single-digit returns across all metrics reflect intensifying competition in the EV market. Compare that to Nvidia's 70%+ ROA—the highest in the Magnificent 7—reflecting AI chip dominance and pricing power.
Banking sector: where ROA becomes essential
Banks present fundamentally different analytical challenges. Their business model—borrowing cheap deposits and lending at higher rates—makes traditional ROIC calculations inapplicable:
| Bank | ROE | ROA | Insight |
|---|---|---|---|
| JPMorgan Chase | 17-18% | 1.2-1.4% | Industry leader |
| Wells Fargo | 12% | 1.0% | Recovering post-asset-cap |
| Bank of America | 10% | 0.9% | Trailing peers |
ROA benchmarks for banks differ dramatically. The Federal Reserve emphasises ROA as a measure of operational soundness, while ROE dominates compensation metrics. JPMorgan's 18% ROE represents elite performance, where 11-15% marks the median range.
S&P 500 averages and historical context
Current levels sit notably above long-term norms:
- S&P 500 ROE: 15.93% (vs. historical average ~12.25%)
- S&P 500 ROIC (ex-financials): 17.68%
- Net Profit Margins: 13.1% (Q4 2025)
Top 10 ROIC leaders in the S&P 500:
- Cardinal Health: 72%
- Otis Worldwide: 69%
- McKesson: 64%
- Domino's Pizza: 59%
- Apple: 54%
- Mastercard: 53%
- Starbucks: 51%
- Altria Group: 48%
- TJX Companies: 47%
- Yum Brands: 45%
These high-ROIC leaders share common characteristics: franchise models, payment networks, healthcare distributors, and consumer staples with pricing power. They require minimal capital to generate substantial returns.
The debate over which metric matters most has a nuanced answer. ROIC provides the most comprehensive view of business quality, but the right metric depends on your analytical purpose. For equity investors, ROE remains the most direct measure of what shareholders earn. For comparing companies across different leverage profiles, ROIC eliminates capital structure distortions. For banks, ROA proves non-negotiable.
The most valuable insight comes from using all three together. When ROE significantly exceeds ROA, leverage amplifies returns, increasing risk. When ROIC falls below WACC, the company destroys value regardless of how impressive ROE appears. Apple's 164% ROE captures investor attention; its 37-52% ROIC reveals actual business performance. Understanding that distinction matters every time you evaluate a company's profitability.
Disclaimer: The views and recommendations made above are those of individual analysts or brokerage companies, and not of Winvesta. We advise investors to check with certified experts before making any investment decisions.
Ready to earn on every trade?
Invest in 11,000+ US stocks & ETFs
